Residential Schools / Reconciliation

“I am going to tell you how we are treated. I am always hungry.” — Edward B., a student at Onion Lake School (1923)

“[I]f I were appointed by the Dominion Government for the express purpose of spreading tuberculosis, there is nothing finer in existence than the average Indian residential school.” — N. Walker, Indian Affairs Superintendent (1948)

For over 100 years, thousands of Aboriginal children passed through the Canadian residential school system. Begun in the 1870s, it was intended, in the words of government officials, to bring these children into the “circle of civilization,” the results, however, were far different. More often, the schools provided an inferior education in an atmosphere of neglect, disease, and often abuse.

Using previously unreleased government documents, historian John S. Milloy provides a full picture of the history and reality of the residential school system. He begins by tracing the ideological roots of the system, and follows the paper trail of internal memoranda, reports from field inspectors, and letters of complaint. In the early decades, the system grew without planning or restraint. Despite numerous critical commissions and reports, it persisted into the 1970s, when it transformed itself into a social welfare system without improving conditions for its thousands of wards. A National Crime shows that the residential system was chronically underfunded and often mismanaged, and documents in detail and how this affected the health, education, and well-being of entire generations of Aboriginal children.

Additional Information
424 pages | 6.00" x 9.00"

Memories. Some memories are elusive, fleeting, like a butterfly that touches down and is free until it is caught. Others are haunting. You'd rather forget them, but they won't be forgotten. And some are always there. No matter where you are, they are there, too.

In this moving story of legacy and reclamation, two young sisters are taken from their home and family. Powerless in a broken system, April and Cheryl are separated and placed in different foster homes. Despite the distance, they remain close, even as their decisions threaten to divide them emotionally, culturally, and geographically. As one sister embraces her Métis identity, the other tries to leave it behind.

Will the sisters’ bond survive as they struggle to make their way in a society that is often indifferent, hostile, and violent?

Based on the adult novel In Search of April Raintree, this edition has been revised specifically for students in grades 9 through 12. 

Educator Information
Recommended Grades: 9-12.  This version of the novel was written specifically for students in grades 9-12 and does not contain the graphic scene that is contained in the original version, In Search of April Raintree.

Grades 10-12 English First Peoples resource.

Find a teacher guide for In Search of April Raintree and April Raintree here: Teacher Guide for In Search of April Raintree and April Raintree: A Trauma-Informed Approach to Teaching Stories of Indigenous Survivance, Family Separation, and the Child Welfare System

Additional Information
256 pages | 5.50" x 8.50" | Paperback

This important and timely book is a balance of the most gruesome elements of assimilation: church-run schools, the child welfare system, survivors of sexual abuse, and Foetal Alcohol Syndrome counter-balanced against heroic stories of children who survived, fought back, and found their way home.

Harrrowing stories are presented wherever possible in the first person, by Fournier, a journalist, and Cree, a B.C native spokesperson and activist, and a stolen child himself. The final message is optimistic, suggesting that redress and reconciliation could enrich the entire country by creating healthy aboriginal communities.

Written mainly by First Nations and Métis people, this book examines current issues in First Nations education.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Eastern Door: Reconceptualizing First Nations Education

1. Towards a Redefinition of Indian Education
2. Peacekeeping Actions at Home: A Medicine Wheel Model for a Peacekeeping Pedagogy
3. Redefining Science Education for Aboriginal Students

Southern Door: Connecting with and Maintaining Our Relations

4. Aboriginal Epistemology
5. Quaslametko and Yetko: Two Grandmother Models for Contemporary Native Education Pedagogy
6. Language and Cultural Content in Native Education
7. Learning Processes and Teaching Roles in Native Education: Cultural Base and Cultural Brokerage

Western Door: Meeting the Challenge of Incoherence

8. A Major Challenge for the Education System: Aboriginal Retention and Dropout
9. Teacher Education and Aboriginal Opposition
10. The Challenge for Universities
11. Non-Native Teachers Teaching in Native Communities

Northern Door: Transforming First Nations Education

12. Treaties and Indian Education
13. Taking Control: Contradiction and First Nations Adult Education
14. Locally Developed Native Studies Curriculum: An Historical and Philosophical Rationale
15. The Sacred Circle: An Aboriginal Approach to Healing Education at an Urban High School

Bibliography of First Nations Pedagogy
Contributors
Index

Marie Battiste (editor), a member of the Mi'kmaq Nation, teaches in the Indian and Northern Education Department at the University of Saskatchewan.

Jean Barman (editor) is a Professor in the Department of Social and Educational Studies at the University of British Columbia.

This award-winning play by Native playwright Tomson Highway is a powerful and moving portrayal of seven women from a reserve attempting to beat the odds by winning at bingo. And not just any bingo. It is THE BIGGEST BINGO IN THE WORLD and a chance to win a way out of a tortured life.

The Rez Sisters is hilarious, shocking, mystical and powerful, and clearly establishes the creative voice of Aboriginal theatre and writing in Canada today.

Additional Information
118 pages | 5.84" x 8.48"

Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing tells another story of the mythical Wasaychigan Hill Indian Reserve, also the setting for Tomson Highway's award winning play The Rez Sisters. Wherein The Rez Sisters the focus was on seven "Wasy" women and the game of bingo, Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing features seven "Wasy" men and the game of hockey. It is a fast-paced story of tragedy, comedy, and hope.

One of the first books published to deal with the phenomenon of residential schools in Canada, Resistance and Renewal is a disturbing collection of Native perspectives on the Kamloops Indian Residential School(KIRS) in the British Columbia interior. Interviews with thirteen Natives, all former residents of KIRS, form the nucleus of the book, a frank depiction of school life, and a telling account of the system's oppressive environment which sought to stifle Native culture.

Winner of the Roderick Haig-Brown Regional Prize (BC Book Prize) in 1989.

Now in its 8th printing.

Authenticity Note: This book has received the Authentic Indigenous Text label because of the interviews and contributions of Indigenous peoples in this work, whom the author thanks and acknowledges in the introduction of the book. It is up to readers to determine if this an authentic work for their purposes.

The captivating story of Mary John (who passed away in 2004), a pioneering Carrier Native whose life on the Stoney Creek reserve in central BC is a capsule history of First Nations life from a unique woman's perspective.

A mother of twelve, Mary endured much tragedy and heartbreak the pangs of racism, poverty, and the deaths of six children but lived her life with extraordinary grace and courage. Years after her death, she continues to be a positive role model for Aboriginals across Canada. In 1997 she received the Order of Canada. This edition of Stoney Creek Woman, one of Arsenal's all-time bestsellers, includes a new preface by author Bridget Moran, and new photographs.

Shortlisted for the Roderick Haig-Brown Regional Prize

Now in its 14th printing.

Colouring It Forward is honoured to have collaborated with Cree Elder John Sinclair in the design of this day planner that is dedicated to fostering Truth and Reconciliation. They are also grateful to Ashley Barclay for her artwork, to Crystal Fraser and Sara Komarnisky for allowing us to share some of their recommended Acts of Reconciliation.

Would you like to learn more about Indigenous issues, and culture to participate more fully in reconciliation?

This day planner offers you:

- Answers to questions about culture, issues and spirituality by Cree elder John Sinclair

- suggested ReconciliActions

- important Indigenous dates to observe

- update on the TRC's 94 Calls to Action: where the government is at with implementing the Calls to Action

- 3 colouring images by Metis artist Ashley Barclay

- 365 undated pages to record your meetings, your daily gratitude and your reconciliation plans!

- Each day planner sold will provide a donation to Piitoayis Family School